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Hongji Qu
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== Biography ==
Hongji Qu(瞿鸿禨) was born in 1850 in a small town called Shanhua, Changsha city area, Hunan Province. He passed the highest Imperial Examinations in 1871, as a Hanlin Bachelor of Chinese National Academy. During 1875 he took the first place of Daijiang Bachelor Examinations. He became Neige Bachelor as his promotion in 1897, and organized Town Examinations of Fujian Province, Guangxi Province. He also supervised local government as Provincial Education Commissioner of Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Sichuan Province. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Qu carried out Four Troops Assaults plan to the emperor. Then he followed emperor’s royal family hunting in west, and was raised his position as the Minister of Work Department. Later when he came back to Beiping Capital, he became Minister of Military, Minister of Government Affairs. He changed Imperial Examinations into discourse on politics, added Economy Examinations. He simplified Headquarters of All Countries Business Department into Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and become 1st Minister of Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Later he followed empress dowager cixi’s imperial edict, offered plans of peace, got emperor’s appreciation with gold jacket, to tutored the crown prince.
During ‘New Political Affair’, some government systems stolen money by ‘Building School, Commercial Intercourse and encourage Jobs’ commentto. Qu asked emperor to forbid fraud organization, and ejected them into folks. During 1906 he associated Grand Secretary, to plan Provisional Constitutionalism, and nominated Ministers. During 1907 Cen Chunxuan(岑春煊) got into Ministry of Telecommunications, Cen took advantage of the Case of Yang Cuixi, secretly impeached Prince Yikuang(庆亲王奕劻). Also because Qu used 'Minister Slayer' Cen Chunxuan(岑春煊) to against his political enemy Yuan Shikai (袁世凱), which made Prince Yikuang(庆亲王奕劻) unhappy and became jealous of Qu, empress dowager cixi also not comfortable about Qu's bluntly speaking and aging. Daijiang Bachelor Yun Yuding (惲毓鼎) impeached Qu under the reason ‘Qu grasps authority and form a despotic government’, emperor dismissed him from office to his hometown Changsha. Later his political enemy Monarchical President Yuan Shikai (袁世凱) forced Henry Emperor retire, stolen the throne and made himself a new emperor. After the Revolution of 1911, Qu escaped to Shanghai from war, and died in there in 1918.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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